Finely decorated pre-Islamic structures still stand in several ancient cities, as do spectacular mosques and shrines from the Muslim era. The Proto-Indo-Iranians are commonly identified with the Sintashta culture and the subsequent Andronovo culture within the broader Andronovo horizon, and their homeland with an area of the Eurasian steppe that borders the Ural River on the west and the Tian Shan on the east. The Persian language belongs to the western group of the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. They found that about 31.4% belong to J, 29.1% belong to R, 11.8% belong to G, and 9.2% belong to E. They found that Iranian ethnic groups display high haplogroup diversity, compared to other Middle Easterners. A special mention of Persian carpets is also made by Athenaeus of Naucratis in his Deipnosophistae, as he describes a "delightfully embroidered" Persian carpet with "preposterous shapes of griffins". They also typically have a flat and pushed-in looking face with chubby cheeks. [89] The origin of the Tat people is traced to an Iranian-speaking population that was resettled in the Caucasus by the time of the Sasanian Empire. The Persian literary tradition extends back at least to the time of Zoroaster. The "long and narrow" skulls cannot be found farther east than the Black Sea. Sasanian marble bust. Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland. Their hair was typically long and tangled, and a large portion of the males had beards to match this. [77] During the times of the Safavids and subsequent modern Iranian dynasties such as the Qajars, architectural and iconographic elements from the time of the Sasanian Persian Empire were reincorporated, linking the modern country with its ancient past. Carpet weaving is an essential part of the Persian culture,[124] and Persian rugs are said to be one of the most detailed hand-made works of art. Pre-Islamic Period", "Arya an ethnic epithet in the Achaemenid inscriptions and in the Zoroastrian Avestan tradition", "Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia", "Amazons in the Scythia: new finds at the Middle Don, Southern Russia", "Secrets of the Dead, Casefile: Amazon Warrior Women", "Dacia: Land of Transylvania, Cornerstone of Ancient Eastern Europe", "Kurdish: An Indo-European Language By Siamak Rezaei Durroei", "The Iranian Language Family, Khodadad Rezakhani", "137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes", "Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphism in Populations of the Caspian Region and Southeastern Europe", "A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y-Chromosomal Insights into Central Asia", "Genetic diversity and the emergence of ethnic groups in Central Asia", "Ideja o iranskom podrijetlu traje preko dvjesto godina", "From Zardaris to Makranis: How the Baloch came to Sindh", "Distinct genetic variation and heterogeneity of the Iranian population", "Ancient Migratory Events in the Middle East: New Clues from the Y-Chromosome Variation of Modern Iranians", "Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists", "Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area", "Family Tree DNA Genetic Testing for Ancestry, Family History & Genealogy", "A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe", "Distinguishing the co-ancestries of haplogroup G Y-chromosomes in the populations of Europe and the Caucasus", "Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events", "Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge", "The Emergence of the Indo-Iranians: The Indo-Iranian Languages", "An Overview of the Andronovo Culture: Late Bronze Age Indo-Iranians in Central Asia", Deep phylogenetic analysis of haplogroup G1 provides estimates of SNP and STR mutation rates on the human Y-chromosome and reveals migrations of Iranic speakers, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iranian_peoples&oldid=1152070205, Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, the Caucasus, Uzbekistan, Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Armenia, Israel, Lebanon, Georgia, As the name of the language of the Old Persian version of the inscription of, As the ethnic background of Darius the Great in inscriptions at. Persian holidays are occasions for enjoying local foods. Persian (Farsi) is the predominant and official language of Iran. There are numerous physical characteristics that many of the Persian people share, and there are also multiple stereotypical traits that have been assigned to them by outside influences. Hazragi dialect]. The Old Avestan texts known as the Gathas are believed to have been composed by Zoroaster, the founder of Zoroastrianism, with the Yaz culture (c. 1500 BC 1100 BC) as a candidate for the development of Eastern Iranian culture. Update of 30 Mar (2018). Another Iranian tribe related to the Saka-Scythians were the Parni in Central Asia, and who later become indistinguishable from the Parthians, speakers of a northwest-Iranian language. Omissions? [20][21] In Armenian sources, the Parthians, Medes and Persians are collectively referred to as Iranians. Grammar, texts, lexicon. [20], Strabo, in his Geographica (1st century AD), mentions of the Medes, Persians, Bactrians and Sogdians of the Iranian Plateau and Transoxiana of antiquity:[31]. [35], On 21 March 1935, former king of Iran Reza Shah of the Pahlavi dynasty issued a decree asking the international community to use the term Iran, the native name of the country, in formal correspondence. The Iranian peoples[1] or Iranic peoples[2] are a diverse grouping of Indo-European peoples[1][3] who are identified by their usage of the Iranian languages and other cultural similarities. Dairy products, especially yogurt, also are characteristic of Persian cuisine. The modern Ossetians are believed to be the direct descendants of the Alans, as other remnants of the Alans disappeared following Germanic, Hunnic and ultimately Slavic migrations and invasions. Famed for its handsome architecture and verdant gardens, the city fell somewhat into disrepair in the decades following the Iranian Revolution of 197879, though efforts were later mounted to preserve historic buildings and expand the citys network of parks. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Among the most renowned Persian literary figures are 10th-century court poet, musician, and singer Rdak, who composed versified renditions of local lore; mathematician, astronomer, and skeptic Omar Khayyam, to whom is attributed a collection of quatrains advocating a hedonistic approach to an otherwise meaningless life; and Rm, a 13th-century mystic of the Sufi branch of Islam, whose compilation of couplets in Masnav-yi Manav (Spiritual Couplets) has influenced religious thought and literature throughout the Muslim world. By the time of the Sasanian Empire, a national culture that was fully aware of being Iranian took shape, partially motivated by restoration and revival of the wisdom of "the old sages" (dngn pngn). The term Persian, meaning "from Persia", derives from Latin Persia, itself deriving from Greek Perss ( ), [24] a Hellenized form of Old Persian Prsa ( ), which evolves into Frs ( ) in modern Persian. In recent decades it has become known for its unique brand of Islamic republic. [11] The Achaemenids developed the infrastructure to support their growing influence, including the establishment of the cities of Pasargadae and Persepolis. As Persian people generally resist doing anything that would bring shame to their name or family, they are known for adhering to social expectations in their homeland. Nestled on the margins of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria, Kurdistan is one of the planet's most volatile regions, and its people are the world's largest stateless group. Their rise was reversed in the 21st century, however, owing to intervention from the conservative leadership and the greater penetration of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) throughout government and society. [131] In Iran, the Nowruz celebrations (incl. The authors concluded that the Iranian gene pool has been an important source for the Middle Eastern and Eurasian Y chromosome diversity, and the results suggest that there was already rather high Y chromosome diversity during the Neolithic period, placing Iranian populations in between Europeans, Middle Easterners and South Asians. Houtsma et al., eds., The Encyclopdia of Islam: A Dictionary of the Geography, Ethnography and Biography of the Muhammadan Peoples, 4 vols. The Persians are known for their intricately inlaid metalwork as well as for their legacy of extraordinary architecture. Nearly a dozen other ethnic minorities including Azeris, Kurds, Arabs, Balochis and Lors make up over a third of the total population. However, "traditional" or "doll-face" Persian cats have pointier features like their ancestors. The Parsis are a Zoroastrian community of Persian descent who migrated to South Asia, to escape religious persecution after the fall of the Sassanian Empire. Iranian culture is today considered to be centered in what is called the Iranian Plateau, and has its origins tracing back to the Andronovo culture of the late Bronze Age, which is associated with other cultures of the Eurasian Steppe. The division into an "Eastern" and a "Western" group by the early 1st millennium is visible in Avestan vs. Old Persian, the two oldest known Iranian languages. Xenophon, in his Oeconomicus,[120] states: "The Great King [Cyrus II]in all the districts he resides in and visits, takes care that there are pardeisos ("paradise") as they [Persians] call them, full of the good and beautiful things that the soil produce.". analyzed the haplogroups of 15 different ethnic groups from Iran. Characterized by its quadripartite (rbq) design, the Persian garden was evolved and developed into various forms throughout history,[120] and was also adopted in various other cultures in Eurasia. Subsequent rulersincluding Alexander the Great, who conquered Persia in 330 bce, and the local Ssnian dynasty (ruled 226641 ce)fostered cultural consolidation. Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. 2nd ed., New Haven, Conn. MacKenzie D.N. Until the Parthian era, Iranian identity had an ethnic, linguistic, and religious value. An Iranian cultural renaissance in the late 8th century led to a reawakening of Persian literary culture, though the Persian language was now highly Arabized and in Arabic script, and native Persian Islamic dynasties began to appear with the rise of the hirids in the early 9th century. Persian Culture The ancient Persians of the Achaemenid Empire created art in many forms, including metalwork, rock carvings, weaving and architecture. Vol. Most researchers associate the Andronovo horizon with early Indo-Iranian languages, though it may have overlapped the early Uralic-speaking area at its northern fringe. After the fall of the Assyrian Empire, between 616 BC and 605 BC, a unified Median state was formed, which, together with Babylonia, Lydia, and Egypt, became one of the four major powers of the ancient Near East. The tail is short and the ears are small. R. G. Kent. This video is a guide on how to identify a Persian cat based on their physical chara. 2. Another group of Alans allied with Goths to defeat the Romans and ultimately settled in what is now called Catalonia (Goth-Alania). [47] The empire extended as far as the limits of the Greek city states in modern-day mainland Greece, where the Persians and Athenians influenced each other in what is essentially a reciprocal cultural exchange. The Indo-Iranian migrations took place in two waves. You can be Iranian and not necessarily be Persian. [29][10], Some medieval and early modern Islamic sources also used cognates of the term Persian to refer to various Iranian peoples and languages, including the speakers of Khwarazmian,[30] Mazanderani,[31] and Old Azeri. [20] The Tajiks of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan are native speakers of Tajik, which is the official language of Tajikistan, and those in Afghanistan speak Dari, one of the two official languages of Afghanistan. In Greek inscription says "ego tou Arianon ethnous despotes eimi", which translates to "I am the king of the kingdom (nation) of the Iranians". Sociolinguistic Status of Lori", "TAJIK i. Most of the ancient Persian empire is in modern-day Iran. [64][65][66] Cappadocia in Late Antiquity, now well into the Roman era, still retained a significant Iranian character; Stephen Mitchell notes in the Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity: "Many inhabitants of Cappadocia were of Persian descent and Iranian fire worship is attested as late as 465".[67]. A number of these buildingsincluding those at Persepolis and Chogh Zanbiland their surroundings have been designated UNESCO World Heritage sites. While almond-shaped eyes are relatively common in this part of the world, the specific style is versatile within the Persian people. [123] The word paradise itself originates from Avestan pairidaza (Old Persian paridaida; New Persian pardis, ferdows), which literally translates to "walled-around". [70] Even though the Achaemenids had extensive contacts with the Greeks and vice versa, and had conquered many of the Greek-speaking area's both in Europe and Asia Minor during different periods of the empire, the native Old Iranian sources provide no indication of Greek linguistic evidence. Proceedings of the Third European Conference of Iranian Studies (Cambridge, September 1995). [36][37], Persia is first attested in Assyrian sources from the third millennium BC in the Old Assyrian form Parahe, designating a region belonging to the Sumerians. Here is a list of five of the significant stereotypical traits: Greek writers often referred to the Persians as slavish by birth because they had a peaceful life full of agricultural farming. The Serbs (Serbian Cyrillic: , romanized: Srbi, pronounced ) are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Southeastern Europe who share a common Serbian ancestry, culture, history, and language. [56] The Parthian language, which was used as an official language of the Parthian Empire, left influences on Persian,[57][58][59] as well as on the neighboring Armenian language. Xenophon describes the carpet production in the city of Sardis, stating that the locals take pride in their carpet production. [15], The term Iran derives directly from Middle Persian rn / AEran () and Parthian Aryn. Safavid to Qajar Periods", "ARCHITECTURE vii. Corpus inscriptionum Iranicarum Part. Reformist elements rose within the government during the last decade of the 20th century, opposed both to the ongoing rule of conservative clergy and to Irans continued political and economic isolation from the international community. Genetically speaking, Iranian peoples generally cluster closely with European and other Middle Eastern peoples. This, compared to Finlands 178cm, Canadas ; the UKs 177cm, means they are still of a reasonably large height. At first, the Western Iranian peoples in the Near East were dominated by the various Assyrian empires. The modern Sarikoli in southern Xinjiang and the Ossetians of the Caucasus (mainly South Ossetia and North Ossetia) are remnants of the various Scythian-derived tribes from the vast far and wide territory they once dwelled in. [86] The oldest attested text written in Old Persian is from the Behistun Inscription,[87] a multilingual inscription from the time of Achaemenid ruler Darius the Great carved on a cliff in western Iran. Iranian." [48] Its legacy and impact on the kingdom of Macedon was also notably huge,[14] even for centuries after the withdrawal of the Persians from Europe following the Greco-Persian Wars.[14]. Most of the population lives on the edges of this forbidding waterless waste. [54] Strabo, who wrote during the time of Augustus (r.27 BCAD 14), almost three hundred years after the fall of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, records only traces of Persians in western Asia Minor; however, he considered Cappadocia "almost a living part of Persia".[55]. [70] However, there is plenty of evidence (in addition to the accounts of Herodotus) that Greeks, apart from being deployed and employed in the core regions of the empire, also evidently lived and worked in the heartland of the Achaemenid Empire, namely Iran. As the Persian Empire expanded to. Baluch, Hazara, Pashtun) were quite diverse, yet overall: A 2012 study by Grugni et al. Brill and London: Luzac, 191338. If this is true, who knows, maybe at some point in your familys history, they migrated from this cradle of civilization. [80] Fars, corresponding to the ancient province of Persia, with its modern capital Shiraz, became a center of interest, particularly during the annual international Shiraz Arts Festival and the 2,500th anniversary of the founding of the Persian Empire. Much of Iran consists of a central desert plateau, which is ringed on all sides by lofty mountain ranges that afford access to the interior through high passes. Iran (pronounced ee-RAHN), formerly known as Persia, is situated at the crossroads of Central Asia, South Asia, and the Arab states of the Middle East. During the Achaemenid era, Persian colonists settled in Asia Minor.
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persian people physical characteristics