[40], 9.2 deaths/1,000 live births (May 2010);[41] down from 17.3 deaths/1,000 live births in 2002. Mircea Eliade, writer and historian of religions, Sergiu Celibidache, honored conductor and music teacher. The Roma culture has a rich oral tradition, with an emphasis on family. It is believed that they diverged from the Romanians in the 7th to 9th century, and currently speak the Aromanian language and Megleno-Romanian language, both of which are Balkan Romance languages, like Romanian, and are sometimes considered by traditional Romanian linguists to be dialects of Romanian. However, Moldavia and Wallachia (extending to Dobruja and Bulgaria) were not entirely subdued by the Ottomans as both principalities became autonomous (which was not the case of other Ottoman territorial possessions in Europe). Roman culture is the culture of the Roman Empire that was based on the Greek culture and to a lesser extent the Byzantine culture. For later events of the Empire of the East, see . [10] For the entire period 19902006, the estimated population loss tops 1.5 million,[10] but it is likely to be higher, given the explosion of migration for work after 2001 and the tendency of some migrants to settle permanently in the countries where they live.[11]. N.N. Most Romanians live in Romania, where they constitute a majority; Romanians also constitute a minority in the countries that neighbour Romania. Most Roma speak some form of Romany, a language closely related to the modern Indo-European languages of northern India, as well as the major language of the country in which they . Which makes the United States home to the largest Romanian community outside Romania. The name of "Vlachs" is an exonym that was used by Slavs to refer to all Romanized natives of the Balkans. In the context of the 1848 Romanticist and liberal revolutions across Europe, the events that took place in the Grand Principality of Transylvania were the first of their kind to unfold in the Romanian-speaking territories. Romania is not Western. The Romani people (gypsies) have been discriminated against in Europe for centuries. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. The Vlachs killed David in their first documented battle. There are smaller numbers of Unitarians, Muslims, and other religions. The name Romanian is derived from Latin romanus, meaning "Roman". Haplogroup I occurs at 32% in Romanians. The remainder, 43.6 percent, lives in rural areas (9,695,506 people in total). Often portrayed as exotic and. The number of Romani people is usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 511% of Romania's population.[22]. [115] Bla IV of Hungary's land grant to the Knights Hospitallers in Oltenia and Muntenia shows that the local Vlach rulers were subject to the king's authority in 1247. Sharing a common Romanian culture and ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they live primarily in Romania and Moldova. ancient Rome, the state centred on the city of Rome. Ethnicity can include a variety of elements such as ancestry, culture, identity, religion, language, and physical appearance. Based on linguistic and archaeological findings, historians suggest that the Romanians' ancestors acquired polytheistic religions in the Roman era, later adopting Christianity, most likely by the 4th century AD when decreed by Emperor Constantine the Great as the official religion of the Roman Empire. Szukits Knyvkiad. [158] A 2006 poll conducted by the Open Society Foundations found that only 33% of Romanians attended church once a month or more. Foreign men are not expected to kiss a Romanian woman's hand. In the arts and culture, prominent figures were George Enescu (music composer, violinist, professor of Sir Yehudi Menuhin), Constantin Brncui (sculptor), Eugne Ionesco (playwright), Mircea Eliade (historian of religion and novelist), Emil Cioran (essayist, Prix de l'Institut Franais for stylism) and Angela Gheorghiu (soprano). [7], Romania's population has declined steadily in recent decades, from a peak of 23.2 million in 1990 to 19.12 million in 2021. King Decebalus who reigned from 87 to 106 AD was the last king of the Dacian kingdom before it was conquered by the Roman Empire in 106,[63] after two wars between Decebalus' army and Trajan's army. [160] Like in all other Romance languages, the basic Romanian words related to Christianity are inherited from Latin, such as God (Dumnezeu < Domine Deus), church (biseric < basilica), cross (cruce < crux, -cis), angel (nger < angelus), saint (regional: sfn(t) < sanctus), Christmas (Crciun < creatio, -onis), Christian (cretin < christianus), Easter (pate < paschae), sin (pcat < peccatum), to baptise (a boteza < batizare), priest (preot < presbiterum), to pray (a ruga < rogare), faith (credin < credentia), and so on. Performance Arts Traditional Romanian dancers. [137] Another one is Francesco della Valle's 1532 manuscripts that state that the Romanians from Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania preserved the name "Roman" and cites the sentence "Sti Rominest?" If to talk about color of hair, many Romanian women are brunettes. V. Mrcule, The Vlachs in the military actions during the Comnen, in Revista de Istorie Militar, 2(60), 2000, p. 46-47 (hereinafter: The Vlachs during the Comnen). [103], The Byzantine chronicler Niketas Choniates writes that in 1164, Andronikos I Komnenos, the emperor Manuel I Komnenos's cousin, tried without success, to usurp the throne. Romanian culture offers a variety of forms of folk art that have survived years of outside interference and domination. Later on, it borrowed a number of words from German, Hungarian, and Turkish. "Moldavan", ed. In the 14th century the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia emerged to fight the Ottoman Empire. [162][163][164] However, the Balkan Vlachs' northward migration ensured that these centers remained in close contact for centuries. [94]Kekaumenos's father-in-law was Nikulitzas Delphinas, a lord of Larissa who took part in the revolt of Bulgarians and Vlachs in Thessaly in 1066 AD. [42], definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.). The paper also mentions how "signals of Asian maternal lineages were observed in all Romanian historical provinces, indicating gene flow along the migration routes through East Asia and Europe, during different time periods, namely, the Upper Paleolithic period and/or, with a likely greater preponderance, the Middle Ages", at low frequency (2.24%). Race and ethnicity are two concepts related to human ancestry. Victor Babe discovered more than 50 germs and a cure for a disease named after him, babesiosis; biologist Nicolae Paulescu was among the first scientists to identify insulin. [79] According to the early 13th century medieval Hungarian book Gesta Hungarorum the invading Magyars of King rpd The noun form is Romanian(s), and the adjectival form is Romanian. Cei mai muli lucreaz n industria alimentar", "Europe:: Romania the World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency", "Comunicat de pres privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensmntului Populaiei i Locuinelor 2011", "Hungarians in Transylvania between 1870 and 1995. School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education). A Vlach muleteer accompanying the Byzantine army noticed that the load was falling from one of the animals and shouted to a companion Torna, torna, fratre! The function received by Nikulitsa might have been as a commander of a Vlach army. [162][165] This theory is a compromise between the immigrationist and the continuity theories. [173][174] Haplogroup R1a among Romanians is entirely from the Eastern European variety Z282 and may be a result of Baltic, Thracian or Slavic descent. [145] Raymond Detrez asserts that romn, derived from the Latin Romanus, acquired at a certain point the same meaning of the Greek Romaios; that of Orthodox Christian. [82] Most researchers identify the Blachij with the Vlachs. The term ethnicities is more broadly defined as "large groups of people classed according to common racial, national, tribal, religious, linguistic, or cultural origin or background.". The following demographic statistics are from National Institute of Statistic on 1 July 2016. English translation: The Fihrist of al-Nadim. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. [129] During the modern era, most neologisms were borrowed from French and Italian, though the language has increasingly begun to adopt English borrowings. Roma, singular Rom, also called Romany or Gypsies (considered pejorative), an ethnic group of traditionally itinerant people who originated in northern India but live in modern times worldwide, principally in Europe. The country was under communist rule from 1948 until 1989, when the regime of Romanian leader Nicolae Ceauescu was overthrown. Smaller percentages are Protestant, Jews, Muslims, agnostic, atheist, or practice a traditional religion. Sources give varied estimates for Romania's historical population. As of 1920, the Romanian people was believed to number over 15 million solely in the region of the Romanian kingdom, a figure larger than the populations of Sweden, Denmark, and the Netherlands combined.[128]. Rootsi, Siiri (2004). Stanescu, Eugen. George Constantinescu created the theory of sonics, while mathematician tefan Odobleja has been claimed as "the ideological father behind cybernetics" his work The Consonantist Psychology (Paris, 1938) was supposedly the main source of inspiration for N. Wiener's Cybernetics (Paris, 1948). The 2010 Revision, "A forgotten Saxon world shows how ancient and modern can co-exist", "Estimated Number of Jews Killed in the Final Solution", "Locuitorii strini ai Capitalei: Peste 30.000 de migrani, nregistrai n Bucureti", "Firmele caut angajai n Asia. In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases. [68] The territory of the diocese was devastated by the Huns in the middle of 5th century and finally overrun by the Avars and Slavs in late 6th and early 7th century. Tartu University Press. Nowadays, the term Vlach is more often used to refer to the Romanized populations of the Balkans who speak Daco-Romanian, Aromanian, Istro-Romanian, and Megleno-Romanian. Thus, Iohannis became the first Romanian president stemming from an ethnic minority of the country (as he belongs to the Romanian-German community, being a Transylvanian Saxon). For example, according to a 2006 Eurobarometer poll, only 23% of Romanians attend church once a week or more. During the war that percentage was halved, largely by the loss of the border areas of Bessarabia and northern Bukovina (to the former Soviet Union, now Moldova and Ukraine) and southern Dobrudja (to Bulgaria). King Burebista who reigned from 82/61 BC to 45/44 BC, was the first king who successfully unified the tribes of the Dacian kingdom, which comprised the area located between the Danube, Tisza, and Dniester rivers. During the late Middle Ages, prominent medieval Romanian monarchs such as Bogdan of Moldavia, Stephen the Great, Mircea the Elder, Michael the Brave, or Vlad the Impaler took part actively in the history of Central Europe by waging tumultuous wars and leading noteworthy crusades against the then continuously expanding Ottoman Empire, at times allied with either the Kingdom of Poland or the Kingdom of Hungary in these causes. [138] Authors that travelled to modern Romania who wrote about it in 1574,[139] 1575[140] and 1666 also noted the use of the term "Romanian". [69], Scythia Minor (c. 290 c. 680) was a Roman province corresponding to the lands between the Danube and the Black Sea, today's Dobruja divided between Romania and Bulgaria. Between Prespa and Kastoria, they met and fought with a Bulgarian rebel named David. [114] Papal correspondence mentions the activities of Orthodox prelates among the Romanians in Muntenia in the 1230s. If you're traveling long distances by train, expect to be asked where you're going, where you're coming from and what you're doing in Romania. [80][81] Gesta Hungarorum also mentions the Slavs, Bulgarians,Vlachs and the shepherds of the Romans inhabiting the Carpathian Basin: "sclauij, Bulgarij et Blachij, ac pastores romanorum". "Vlach" was an exonym used almost exclusively for the Romanians during the Middle Ages. [116][117], The late 13th-century Hungarian chronicler Simon of Kza states that the Vlachs were "shepherds and husbandmen" who "remained in Pannonia". Roman Catholic Saint Joseph Cathedral, Bucharest, Wallachia, Roman Catholic St. Michael's Cathedral, Alba Iulia, Transylvania, Greek Catholic Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Blaj, Transylvania, Greek Catholic Assumption of Mary Cathedral, Baia Mare, Transylvania, Roman Catholic St. John of Nepomuk Church, Suceava, Bukovina, Roman Catholic St. George Cathedral in Timioara, Banat. Januar 2021", "Announcement of the demographic and social characteristics of the Resident Population of Greece according to the 2011 Population Housing Census", "Bevolking; generatie, geslacht, leeftijd en herkomstgroepering, 1 januari", "Immigrants and Descentants, 1 January 2020", "Utrikes fdda samt fdda i Sverige med en eller tv utrikes fdda frldrar efter fdelseland/ursprungsland, 31 december 2017, totalt", "Populao estrangeira com estatuto legal de residente: total e por algumas nacionalidades em territrio nacional 2019", "Permanent and non permanent resident population by canton, sex, citizenship, country of birth and age, 20142015", "Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, 1 January 2022", "Foreigners in the Czechia by citizenship", "Foreigners by category of residence, sex, and citizenship as at 31 December 2016", "Pentru ce facem moschee la Bucureti: n cutarea romnilor ortodoci din Turcia", "Population by nationalities in detail 2011 - 2019", "HARTA romnilor plecai n strintate. Romanian society is family-centered, and family ties are usually strong, which is why the relatives' opinions will also be very important. In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). In 1916, Romania joined the war on the side of the Triple Entente. One of the reasons for which the number of Germans in Romania fell is because after the Romanian Revolution there has been a mass migration of Transylvania Saxons to Germany, in what was referred by British daily newspaper Guardian to as 'the most astonishing, and little reported, ethnic migration in modern Europe'. The actual total recorded number of foreign-born Romanians was only 136,000. Estimates of the number of Romanian people worldwide vary from minimum 24 to maximum 30 million, in part depending on whether the definition of the term "Romanian" includes natives of both Romania and Moldova, their respective diasporas, and native speakers of both Romanian and other Eastern Romance languages (or Daco-Romance languages). ISBN 978-0-19-866277-8. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKazhdan1991 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFWiewiorowski2008 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFZahariade2006 (, Stelian Brezeanu, O istorie a Bizanului, Editura Meronia, Bucureti, 2005, p.126, Aksum: an African civilisation of late antiquity By Stuart C. Munro-Hay Page 145, Alexandru Madgearu | Originea medieval a focarelor de conflict din Peninsula Balcanic, pp=52-53. v.1: "Mysl.1987. (meaning "Return, return, brother!"). Several inhibiting factors (not unique to this particular case) contribute towards this uncertainty, which may include: For example, the decennial US Census of 2000 calculated (based on a statistical sampling of household data) that there were 367,310 respondents indicating Romanian ancestry (roughly 0.1% of the total population).[151]. A degree of overlap may exist or be shared between Romanian and other ethnic identities in certain situations, and census or survey respondents may elect to identify with one particular ancestry but not another, or instead identify with multiple ancestries; Counts and estimates may inconsistently distinguish between Romanian nationality and Romanian ethnicity (i.e. The national capital is Bucharest. One of the earliest examples comes from the Nibelungenlied, a German epic poem from before 1200 in which a "Duke Ramunc from the land of Vlachs (Wallachia)" is mentioned. Source: Rita J. Markel, The Fall of the Roman Empire, p. 17, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHind1984 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJones1988 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFJankovi2004 (. The Romanian laguage is Latinic. Petrache Poenaru, inventor of the fountain pen, Nicolae Paulescu, pioneer of insulin development, Victor Babe, physician and bacteriologist, pioneer of microbiology. [157] However, the actual rate of church attendance is significantly lower and many Romanians are only nominally believers. The third theory also known as the admigration theory, proposed by Dimitrie Onciul (18561923), posits that the formation of the Romanian people occurred in the former "Dacia Traiana" province, and in the central regions of the Balkan Peninsula. (c. 845 c. 907) waged wars against three dukesGlad, Menumorut and the Vlach Geloufor Banat, Criana and Transylvania. For example, the 'broad Asian group' or the 'specific Pakistani group'. A lot. [77], The first written record about a Romance language spoken in the Middle Ages in the Balkans, near the Haemus Mons is from 587 AD. Current national objectives of Romania include adhering to the Schengen Area, the Eurozone as well as the OECD (i.e. Another important document mentioning Romanians (Vlachs) from the South The Greek Catholic or Uniate church, reunified with the Orthodox Church by fiat in 1948, was restored after the 1989 revolution. Birth rates are generally higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. Following Constantinescu's single term as president from 1996 to 2000, Iliescu was re-elected in late 2000 for another term of four years. Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania, Population exchange between Bulgaria and Romania, https://www.unfpa.org/data/world-population/RO, "Infant mortality rate - the World Factbook", "COMUNICAT DE PRES: 2 februarie 2012 privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensmntului Populaiei i Locuinelor", "Refugees fleeing Ukraine (since 24 February 2022)", "Populaia Romniei, creterea alarmant: Suntem la nivelul Germaniei. The Romanian population has traditionally and historically been rural dwellers. The territories of modern-day Romania and Moldova were inhabited by the ancient Getae and Dacian tribes. The 2021 Romanian census found that just under 89.3% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians. Curta, Florin (2006), pp. Subsequently, the Soviet Union imposed a communist government and King Michael was forced to abdicate and leave for exile, subsequently settling in Switzerland, while Petru Groza remained the head of the government of the Socialist Republic of Romania (RSR). An error range for the estimate is not provided. Following the conquest of Southern and Central Transylvania around 830, people from the Bulgar Empire mined salt from mines in Turda, Ocna Mure, Sreni and Ocnia. [162], According to a triple analysis autosomal, mitochondrial and paternal of available data from large-scale studies, the whole genome SNP data situates Romanians are most closely related to Bulgarians, Macedonians, followed by other European populations, which form a coherent cluster among worldwide populations.
James E Casey Ups Biography,
Bjorn Ironside Death,
Jackson Funeral Home Houston, Texas,
Waterbury Republican Local Obituaries,
Articles R
romanian ethnicity characteristics