semi intensive system of goat management

(Hadjipanayiotou, 1982; Shah and Muller, 1983). 20: Camb., Assam Livestock and Poultry Corporation Ltd. National Project on Bovine Breeding (NPBB), Livestock Health and Disease Control (LH&DC), Statement of Immovable & Movable Property Return, Jamuna Valley Dugdha Utpadak Samabai Samity, Nagaon. Browsing accounted for 1.4% annual grazing time in Abet, and 11.2% in Kurmin-Biri. This may not be unconnected with the relatively cheaper cost of beef in relation to mutton or goat meat. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Squires, V.R. . Birds kept in the enclosed compartment of the fold unit easily develop vices like cannibalism. intake immediately after parturition is low but it increases steadily Anim. In addition to the pasture for grazing is supplementary feeding whereby the animals are placed on concentrates or improved rations. 4 What are the advantages and disadvantages of intensive farming? an inventory of existing feed resources in With the changing ecological condition of the southern Nigeria and its conduciveness to cattle survival, the animal have become common in the region, though with the Fulani and Hausa tribes that have chosen to settle in the southern region with their herds of cattle. Semi-intensive rearing system. What are the advantages and disadvantages of semi intensive management system? Morand-Fehr, P., Hervieu, J., Bas, P. & Sauvant, D. 1982. Laboratory examination of some of the meat-borne diseases showed that the meats are tainted with bacteria pathogens such as Campylobacter spp., Clostridium spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella serotypes, and other enteric bacteria which may not cause clinical diseases in the animals but a potential threat to public health (Dipeolu, 2010). (iv) Goat can also feed on concentrate feeds to provide the required nutrients for fast growth and high production(v) Goat can feed on household and kitchen waste as they are capable of converting these waster into meat(vi) Zero-grazing (soilage) can be practiced for goat a system where grasses and legumes are cut and taken to the goats in the peins(vii) Rotational grazing can also be practiced, whereby goats are moved about in paddocks as they graze on the pasture. D. 1978. For this reason as a general guide Copyright 2023 WisdomAnswer | All rights reserved. Adopted poor management systems for farm animals in Nigeria and most other developing countries certainly accounted for the poor production performance of the local ruminant breeds. pp 122132. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". 1973. Over 90 percent of the ruminant livestock lies in the hands of rural livestock farmers, especially the pastoralists, in Nigeria. J. Review., 52: 2933. regions of Asia, Europe and North America climatic conditions limit When Given the distinct nature of the ruminants stomach, the farm animals heavily depend on forage or raoughage as major feeds. (ii) It must be well ventilated and kept dry. Res. & Lindahl, I.L.1973. 1215 May, 1981. Grass and Forage Science 37:8993. While the women take care of the production and marketing of the dairy products in the local markets, the men take away majority of the herds in search of grazing, leaving the older members of the community with a nucleus of lactating females. of training the lambs or kids to suck from but less attention has been given to dairy sheep and particularly goats as milk or meat producers although milk Farmers are shifting to intensive management systems to meet the increasing demand for goat production, which involves the total confinement of animals, resulting in the restriction of. Morag, M., Raz, A. production or milk and meat Exchange rate at N160 to US$1 as at March 2012. 1984). to 3 times that of a non-pregnant ewe. To effectively achieve this, research in livestock development should go beyond the traditional field visit to animal sheds for physical livestock condition monitoring and data collection. : In this system, goats are provided with house which protects them against adverse weather conditions like heat, cold, rain, etc. must be decided according to the animal carrying 213218. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. No. This study was conducted to assess the economic benefit of goats managed under different feeding systems. In Mexico, more than 70% of goats are produced under extensive production systems in arid and semi-arid areas and roughly 25% are produced in intensive or semi-intensive systems . that during the last 20 years extensive scientific progress has been made towards increasing the efficiency of day) resulted in pregnancy toxaemia (Economides and Louca, 1981). The other four groups are kept close to the house in small camps where they can be observed and tended to easily. The country needs to harness the emerging information and communication technology (ICT) devices that allow for remote and continuous monitoring of livestock conditions and collection of data on the animals without physically being in the animals sheds. are moved to lowlands; in summer flocks are moved to highlands where feed is You can find information on Our Ministers, Key Officials, Our Vision,Mission and Functions and more details about our department here. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Books > The importance of adequate nitrogen with the objective of increasing commercial milk yields is identified: Extensive (migratory, free range, pasture or range grazing). Pregnancy nutrition in sheep Livestock Production, Submitted: November 17th, 2011 Published: October 24th, 2012, Total Chapter Downloads on intechopen.com. The level of nutrition is just optimum and better than that under extensive system. and management practices but there are limits set by genotype. dressing percentage and chemical fat content were increased by fattening in the feedlot (E.S.E. [25] Agro-pastoralists hold land rights and cultivate acquired land for crops such as maize, sorghum, millet, yams and cassava, using family or hired labours. environmental conditions is higher with sheep and goats of high genetic potential. weaning have also been used (Morag et al., 1970). 1976. 1 & 2). systems to evaluate and select the best systems suited to a particular region It may be of a simple design but completely roofed to give protection from adverse weather so that the whole unit serves as run by day and shelter by night. (Louca et al., 1970). Social values: socio-cultural value of the ruminants varied across the country. lamb gain of 1:1 and for kids 1.1to 1.3. This means that a 50 kg ewe Sci. pp275295. This calls for baseline data generation about the breeds of ruminants in the country, their production performance and marketing. Prod.,14: 335357. Sachdeva, K.K., Sengar, O.P.S., Singh, S.N. of the existing pasture can be improved and fenced. Where feeding conditions are good ram lambs 1982. Moving from the extensive to the Home > Anim. It must have laying boxes for laying flocks. J. Anim. is accomplished with proper feeding and management at the age of 810 Profitable goat production is explained by an increased ratio of outputs (meat, milk, flees and skin) per production inputs (labour, feed and management costs). A goat can thrive on any edible material and browses even in extreme condition of drought and rain. The common herd size for Damascus goats is 200-300 goats. efficient. This extra production comes at a cost. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. However, the growth Buck (Billy) Adult male goatDoe (Nanny) Adult female goatKid A young or baby goatWether A castrated male goatKidding Act of giving birth (parturition) in goatChevon Meat of goat. & Sauvant, 1974; Economides, 1981) with 1975) and goats (NRC,1981) are suggested. 59, Agr. Mavrogenis, A.P. Utilisation of fodder from crop residues compensates for non-availability of grasses during the off-season. even higher liveweights. However, the but also under extensive systems (Fig. The to ruminants or their quality must be improved before feeding. findings have not been fully tested or adopted This suggests that the semi-intensive system for goats is much better than extensive system for milk production, the superior milk production of local breeds can . If a tractor or extra labor is available, the unit may be a large one taking many birds. on Protein metabolism or suckling regime (continuous or restricted) but commercial milk yield was Tours-France May, 1981.Ed. 1618, October, 1984. Although, no breed of cattle is peculiar to the southern humid region of Nigeria, the available cattle in the region was largely due to settlement of the Hausa/Fulani pastoralists, who constitute the main cattle rearers, in the region. Common pests and diseases of ruminants in Nigeria: management of ruminants in the Nigerias agricultural system is equally characterised by poor health management. research findings can be put together and tested in different production In the same vein, the health of the animals cannot be forgone as healthiness of the animals is not only a vital for production performance, but survival and sustenance of the livestock venture. Mavrogenis, A.P., Economides, S., Louca, A. Nutrient Requirements Edinburgh. Coop.). In temperate climates there is usually Eighty-nine goat farmers were surveyed in three areas of this region. In the semi-intensive systems usually there is integration of animal and crop production. Jayasuriya, M.C.N.1985. The house must be equipped with perches. (Morand-Fehr et al.,1982; Stall feeding is done when the goats are confined. The increasing during the last stages of pregnancy by Intensive system of feeding Tethering When grazing facilities are limited and one or two goats are to be kept then tehering is practiced. Hill Farming The male herders however return at the start of the wet season to help with crop cultivation and where necessary, household income is supplemented with the sales of surplus male sheep or cattle. Animals under this system of management may however become destructive, feeding on whatever eatables that might come their ways, including live crops, during the dry season when pastures must have dried out. management was applied in goats of the affected total milk yield of sheep and particularly of the low yielding breed (i.e. the maintenance of the resultant Workshop on the Improved 610 hours after birth (Peart, 1982) and weaning within 24 hours after birth is ideal; later weaning increases difficulties situation can be improved with increasing the feed resources. Shah, IQbah, S. & Muller, Cornell Int. Semi-Intensive Goat Farming. For each kg of sheep milk (6% fat) and goat which may support 37 to 45 goats per acre. In either case, the litter and manure must be removed periodically. Production in Sheep and Goats. In extensive and semi-intensive farming system, the sheep flocks are let loose for a grazing period of 4-8 hours. & Lawlor, M.J.1975. levels did not influence the performance of Damascus goats If dropping boards are used, they should be scrapped clean each morning and droppings removed to a place outside the poultry run. 1975. Agro pastoral system: the agro-pastoralist practice entails conscious crop cultivation for both home consumption and marketing purposes alongside their reared cattle. Although, the small ruminants, especially goat, are as well slaughtered for meat sale, the small size of the animals and high market price of their meats makes the animals less demanded for regular meat consumption. Weaning of lambs and kids can take place from 4 weeks to 5 Growth response of kids to level Although, prevention is known to be better than cure, it is invariably impossible to out rightly prevent the farm animals from being infested with either pests or diseases. Res. Prod, 17:179186. important factor determining milk production in intensive systems, Mostly the herders practice this system for goat raising. housing(iv) Ensures fair distribution of manure (waste) which is used for fertilizer(v) It is difficult to implement a planned breeding programme(vi) There is little effort to control pests(vii) Animals fall victim to thieves and predators(viii) It is difficult to control disease outbreak(ix) Lots of efforts needed in controlling the animals(x) Productivity of animal is low i.e. When the birds are removed (from one run to another) the farmer takes advantage to dress the vacated land in agricultural lime.

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