use textual evidence to demonstrate odysseus appeal to nausicaa

While Odysseus waits for the appropriate time to enter the city, he prays to Athena. The Odyssey is about Odysseus struggle and final return home. By repeating the words our and you Homer emphasizes the divide between the Phaeacians, or hosts, and Odysseus, the guest. n2.225 above). Your time is important. At one point, he even ignores the goddess Inos advice to abandon ship, trusting in his seafaring abilities and declaring, [I]ts what seems best to me (5.397). Ritok 1993:41 discusses the evidence for Onomakritos as an interpolator (and redactor) of Homer but draws no firm conclusions; the Homeric scholia to Odyssey 11.604 can probably be taken to mean that all three lines, 602604, were interpolated by Onomakritos (see Ritok 1993:41n9). By using polysyndeton, Homer is able to emphasise the extent to which the Phaeacians welcomed Odysseus. In conclusion, Odysseus was a good leader and he was able to prove his leadership qualities. ' All rights reserved. 10 Fast Facts on Athena and Her Parthenon, M.A., Classics, Catholic University of Milan, B.A., Classics, Catholic University of Milan. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. Various residents of Ithaca, including servants in the home of Penelope and Odysseus, play a key role in the narrative. ] , , , , Who [sc. 2020 Dec 10 [cited 2023 May 1]. Nausicaa was the daughter of the Phaeacian king, and Athena planned her meeting with Odysseus by appearing to her in a dream. He should wait there until he believes enough time has passed for the girls to have reached home. I prefer to think that it was for Peisistratos himself that the interpolations were made. She encourages the young princess to go to the river the next day to wash her clothes so that she will appear more fetching to the many men courting her. n2.225 above), the Panathenaic rule governing rhapsodes performances may well have been due to Hipparchus (cf. Why does Penelope test Odysseus dog. She has awaited her husbands return for the past 20 years, during which time she devised various strategies to delay marrying one of her many suitors. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. 25 Diels-Kranz = Proclus Chrestomathy line 24 [Allen 1912:100 lines 56]; for Musaeus as Athenian, cf. The reagent should be formatted as LiR or BrMgR, where R is an alkyl group written as a x Condensed, . On the basis of Herodotuss use of the verb for Onomakritoss activity a more neutral term than interpolation from the standpoint of the use or non-use of writing would be emposis (cf. He is confident that he represents virtue even when a modern audience might not be so sure. In reply, Calypso delivers an impassioned indictment of the male gods and their double standards. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! Youve successfully purchased a group discount. $24.99 Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? They are having a wonderful time, and have no idea that Odysseus is still sleeping nearby. Odysseus knows he can trust Nausicaa after she proves herself worthy of his company, by exhibiting xenia. SparkNotes PLUS PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. In the informational text, Coutu posits three psychological states that are key components of resilience. Dont have an account? How do Odysseus and Telemachus defeat the suitors? Odysseus, having met Nausicaa, bathes and Athena transforms his appearance; later he takes another bath in Alcinous's palace and then rejoins the assembly (Od. In his encounter with Nausicaa, a telling example of his skill in interacting with people and charisma, his subdued approach comes off as endearing, sly and suave (6.162). First the reason that Nausicca . Odysseus is startled awake when ''the king's daughter threw her ball off line and missed, and put it in the whirling stream.'' Penelope prays to Athena, the goddess of cunning and handicrafts. Hipparchus] displayed many other fine deeds of wisdom, and in particular he first brought the epics of Homer to this land, and compelled the rhapsodes at the Panathenaia to go through them in order, one after another, as they still do now. While the first part of this report is not credible (cf. When the necklace goes missing, the woman and her husband spend years living in poverty in order to pay back the debt. He says she is beautiful and he asks for his pity . He is an anti-heroic hero, particularly when considered in contrast to Achilles, the classical hero of Homer'sThe Iliad. that Homer was Athenian. Some see it as a realistic, unflinching account of the way things work in the patriarchal culture of ancient Greece: while men of the mortal world and Zeus and the other male gods can get away with promiscuous behavior, society expects females to be faithful at all times. Use this knowledge to create a context for understanding the negative portrayal of the suitors. He says she is beautiful and heasks for his pity. Book VIII Summary: In the morning, Athena, in the form of a crier, calls the townspeople to assemble to meet a stranger. Use the story of The Odyssey and map it to the narrative structure of the Hero's Journey. View English 10.2.2020.docx from ENGL 608 at Liberty University Online Academy. In Frosts poem, how does he characterize youth? For a somewhat different interpretation of Onomakritoss relation to the Peisistratids, cf. Their eagerness to prioritize their guest above of their own sailors, ultimately proved that they deserved their honorable title. He gets up to see who is responsible for the noise he hears. | 1 The next morning, Nausicaa goes to the river, and while she and her . Odysseus is "the man of twists and turns" because his journey, and his story, are anything but straightforward. What imagery does he use to support this characterization? Ace your assignments with our guide to The Odyssey! CommonLit es una organizacin 501(c)(3) sin fines de lucro. Their careless behavior has sometimes angered the gods, who have prevented their safe return to Ithaca. You can also read the documentation to learn about Wordfence's blocking tools, or visit wordfence.com to learn more about Wordfence. The Festival of the Panionia and the Homeric Poems, Part V: PylosCh. Curious yet calculating, he ventures forth and finds the lovely Phaeacian princess, Nausicaa, completely naked and playing a ball game with her maidservants. 1. How easy was it for a person to move within the social strata? \underline{\hspace{1cm}} She uses different brushs to achieve different effects. They will treat him like a god and send him home to his loved ones at last." (p. 21) Favored by the gods Hermes: "Zeus commands you to free him now." (p.22) Favored by the gods You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at [email protected]. Athena heard him." Give him food and drink and bathe him in the river. on 50-99 accounts. He imprisons Odysseus and his comrades in order to eat them but Odysseus uses his wits to blind Polyphemus and save his companions. Onomakritos has a stronger connection with Hipparchus than with Peisistratos in the historical tradition; this, however, says little about the act of interpolating passages into the catalogue of heroines in Odyssey 11, for this act, which went undetected, lay outside the historical tradition. He's also "the man of twists and turns" because his . Hospitality has been a crucial social aspect since the dawn of civilization. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. This article presents some fresh evidence in favour of recognising in a series of late testimonia on Hipponax the vestiges of a poem in which the iambist recounted his poetic initiation. She helps Odysseus family throughout the poem, typically by disguising herself or disguising the identities of other characters. The question of interpretation becomes even trickier when we consider the relationship between Penelope and Odysseus. 6.20926, 8.44957). [ back ] 236. Remembering that Odysseus was the king of Ithaca, missing for twenty years, what did the suitors want? Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! Available from: https://gradesfixer.com/free-essay-examples/the-role-of-hospitality-in-homers-the-odyssey/. Unlike The Iliad, which explores the phenomena of human interactioncompetition, aggression, warfare, and the glory that they can bring a man in the eyes of othersThe Odyssey concerns itself much more with the unseen universe of the human heart, with feelings of loneliness, confusion, and despair. Instant downloads of all 1725 LitChart PDFs In the Greek culture hospitality is shown as a great level of respect with a massive feast and days of [], In order to achieve success in the hospitality industry, it is essential to have a clear understanding of your career goals. of de-authorizing non-Homeric versions of the story in which. The son of Odysseus and Penelope, Telemachus is on the brink of manhood. Odysseus and Cyclops. Circe is a witch presiding over the island of Aeaea, who promptly transforms Odysseus companions (but not Odysseus) into pigs. The men arrive at the island of the goddess Circe. Odysseus tells Penelope, How he reached the Phaeacians heavy sailing there / who with all their hearts had prized him like a god / and sent him off in a ship to his own beloved land, / giving him bronze and hordes of gold and robes. for a group? Odysseus' name is etymologically associated with the concept of trouble and annoyance. Cunning and nimble-witted, Odysseus uses clever tricks to get himself out of tricky situations, most memorably when he escapes Polyphemus' cave by saying his name is "no-man" or "nobody." Continue to start your free trial. Homer also uses the simile prized him like a god to describe the how generous and hospitable the Phaeacians were towards Odysseus. Nagy 1990a:174]). Laertes is Odysseus elderly father. Why does Odysseus fail to reveal his identity to Penelope when they are first reunited? [ back ] 237. They did not only give him one gift, but another and another and another. On January 1, Year 6, Pic Company acquired an additional 2,000 ordinary shares of Sic Company for, The Danish krone is currently pegged to the euro. This complete 4. After his ten years of war at Troy, Odysseus is away from home another ten years. Having trouble accessing your homeroom? Figurative language in The Odyssey consists of metaphors, personification, and epic or Homeric similes. n2.237 above). The relationship also extends to the guest, and requires them to show ultimate respect and gratitude. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Tiresias, a famed blind prophet devoted to Apollo, meets with Odysseus in the underworld. They eat lunch while drying out, and then play ball until the linens dry. Onomakritos uttered oracles in Xerxes presence that portended well for the kings invasion of Greece but suppressed any that foretold disaster (Herodotus 7.6.4). "'The Odyssey' Characters: Descriptions and Significance." From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Analysis As Odysseus sleeps, Athena flies to a Phaeacian city where the princess Nausicaa, daughter of the king Alcinous, lies sleeping. . The first theme that odysseus always gets in the odyssey is hospitality. But if you only knew, down deep, what pains The Odyssey is a character-focused epic poem. Hospitality is a friendly or generous entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers. She welcomes Odysseus into her palace, and therefore when Odysseus returns to Ithaca and tells his story, he characterizes the Phaeacians as incredibly generous and respectful. Summary: Book 6. Odysseus. . Wrenching his heart with sobs and groans and anguish, During his seven years on Calypsos island, Odysseus deals with having no active challenge. Get custom essays. cscl star vessel flag autism and narcissism differences. Athena intervenes in Odysseus's fate, but indirectly instead of carrying Odysseus to the Phaeacian castle herself, or better yet winging him right to Ithaca, she acts by influencing another mortal. In "The Necklace," a poor woman borrows an expensive necklace for a fancy ball. When he parts with Circe, she warns him about the dangers on his way home. Odysseus had washed up in the land of the Phaeacians. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1725 titles we cover. Here, we see another possible reason for Athena's reticence: she does not want to provoke Poseidon's anger. He does not trust Ino (Leucothea) when she gives him advice to take off his clothes and swim. This part aims to analyze the [], Over the course of over two years, I slacked my research and everything for this course as I believed it to be a nuisance. "Tell her we want her to let Odysseus go, let him build a raft and sail alone. Close reading of the text is required to answer text-dependent questions. While Odysseus sleeps, Athena makes her way into the Phaeacians' city in the beginning of Book 6 in Homer's The Odyssey. 14. He knows very little about his father, who left for Troy when Telemachus was an infant. She went by night to the palace of their king and appeared in a dream to the princess, Nausicaa. In Book 6, summarized in this lesson, Odysseus makes his way. Women are portrayed fairly in the Odyssey. All of the gods on Olympus care about the human beings on earth. Our professional writers can rewrite it and get you a unique paper. By being a good host and welcoming Odysseus, the Phaeacians were able to obtain a respected reputation, which highlights the importance of showing others hospitality. Plutarch and Heraclitus believed a certain passage in the 20th book of the Odyssey (Theoclymenus's prophecy) to be a poetic description of a total solar eclipse. However, Odysseus comrades mistake it for a bag full of gold and open it. Have students read The Necklace after reading The Odyssey Book 12, where Odysseus listens to the Sirens song, in order to examine the relationship between symbolism and theme. mcgill desautels economics; drums along the mohawk map; bird that looks like a pterodactyl; amanda freitag restaurant locations; city of west park building department 6.Nausicaa wont let odysseus ride in her cart because she dosnt want them to be seen together. All rights reserved. The characters of The Odyssey include royalty, deities, war heroes, monsters, witches, nymphs and more, spread all over the Mediterranean Sea. Analysis. Odysseus kills a buck and boosts his crew's morale with a great feast. Nausicaa is a princess of the Phaeacians, a group of mythological people who live on the island of Scheria. A similar playing with the idea of the desire to see the fatherland is found at 10.28ff., where Odysseus reaches close enough to see the watchfires, only to have sleep close his exhausted eyes: the result is that the crew opens the bag of winds and they are all blown back to Aeolus island.The desire to see the fatherland is not simply fulfilled for Odysseus! Descubre cmo potencializar el aprendizaje en sus clases con nuestras herramientas digitales. Nausicaa Ino Circe Calypso How does Penelope "test" Odysseus? Odysseus meets the sirens in the 12th book of Homer's epic poem Odysseus. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Frey, Angelica. The crowd gathers and sees Odysseus cast in a godly light by Athena. Our first encounter with Odysseus confirms what we have already learned about him from Menelauss and Helens accounts of his feats during the Trojan War and what Homers audience would already have known: that Odysseus is very cunning and deliberative. Hospitality has been a crucial social aspect since the dawn of civilization. Erica has taught college English writing and literature courses and has a master's degree in children's literature. In Donna L. Washington's short story "The Roof of Leaves," a husband and a wife are able to save their marriage due to quick thinking after a fight. 10. As to the implications of , Graziosi 2002:4147 argues that and related words when used of poetry emphasize composition as distinct from performance. This raises the interesting question of how early the idea arose that the Homeric poems were actually Athenian, i.e. Boardman 1975 develops the argument further, addressing Heracles initiation into Eleusinian cult, which became part of his Cerberus adventure in the underworld; Peisistratos was much concerned with Eleusinian cult. 1..c..Circe Explaination- Circe and Calypso are two goddess to whom odysseus meet during his journey both tried to d . Iliad 11 and the Location of Homeric Pylos, Ch. Zeus is responsible for ensuring that xenia is implemented, and will punish anyone who dishonors this implicit code. Why does Telemachus go to Pylos and Sparta? 6.31620), and Trimalchio is carried on a litter while Encolpius et al. importance and Influence of the Homeric Poems The great scholars who developed the Library at Alexandria from the third through the second century B.C. Nor is it necessary to suppose that epic poetry, at the time to which the picture in the Odyssey belongs, was confined to the one type represented. Odysseus doesn't strike me as necessarily 'heroic' either. What was at stake that each wife was trying to protect? Nausicaa shows good sense by honoring customs dictating proper behavior for unmarried young women. Others understand Calypsos diatribe as a reaction to this reality. Though aggressive and determined, he is far from rash. As a bard, Homer wouldn't have created this history, but he would have embellished its emotional and psychological content, which is what Penelope In The Odyssey, Homer employs most of the literary and poetic devices associated with epics: catalogs, digressions, long speeches, journeys or quests, various trials or tests of the hero, similes, metaphors, and divine intervention. It is also the catalogue that Polygnotos knew in the mid-fifth century BC when he painted the Nekyia in the Lesche of the Cnidians at Delphi; Pausanias, who describes the painting, names some twenty female figures in it, eleven of whom are from the catalogue of heroines in Odyssey 11. Why does Calypso allow Odysseus to leave her island? In this city, a man named ''Alcinous ruled, and Heaven gave him wisdom.'' It sets up clear foils to characters in Odysseus' story: Faithful and prudent Penelope is contrasted with the deceitful Clytemnestra; more subtly, Odysseus' strategies of forethought and disguise oppose Agamemnon's open and incautious arrival; and the young and impotent Telemachus is contrasted with Orestes, who valiantly avenged his father. With this interpretation, we find ourselves naturally sympathetic to Calypso, who is making a passionate critique of social norms that are genuinely hypocritical. 11. The Homeric Hymn to Apollo and the Text of Iliad 11, Ch. This happens right after he came back from Calypso's island. With a prayer to Athena for hospitality from the Phaeacians, Odysseus sets out for the palace. The Bible teaches, "Be hospitable to one another without complaint". on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% He tells his crew that he saw smoke rising from the forest, but his men, thinking back on the their last few encounters with strangers, are afraid to meet any new ones. Want 100 or more? In their respective scenes, why are the Congolese wife and Penelope compelled to be clever? He has been absent from his home for the past 20 years: the first ten spent at war, and the second ten spent at sea during his attempt to return home. To answer to coast degradation, pollution, and water supply problematics, policy-making plays a crucial role, at different levels. Use textual evidence. The verb used by Herodotus of Onomakritoss alleged forgery of oracles of Musaeus is ( , inserting an oracle into the verses of Musaeus, Herodotus 7.6.3). Each suitor mentioned by name in the poem has distinct traits. "'The Odyssey' Characters: Descriptions and Significance." Our first encounter with Odysseus confirms what we have already learned about him from Menelauss and Helens accounts of his feats during the Trojan War and what Homers audience would already have known: that Odysseus is very cunning and deliberative. Free trial is available to new customers only. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. She then proceeds to order her maids to welcome Odysseus and announces, Heres an unlucky wanderer strayed our way / and we must tend him well. Xenia is an ancient Greek concept which most literally . Because of her uncertainty about the stranger, Nausicaa decides to let her more experienced parents make the final decision. However, when my third-year internship started, and now as I have finished my Entrepreneurship minor and [], We provide you with original essay samples, perfect formatting and styling. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Princess Nausicaa helps Odysseus at the very end of his travels. 1. Then, above the word, write it correctly. Homer suggests that expressing the value of xenia is much more rewarding than it appears, and the benefits of hospitality are timeless, as the Phaeacians legacy is still remembered today. Supervising Postgraduate Theses in Literary Studies at the University of the South Pacificmore. In addition, the princess offers Odysseus clothing, representing the bond between Nausicaa and Odysseus, host and guest, being sewn together with xenia, the stitches that bind their relationship. Have students read "How Resilience Works" after reading The Odyssey Book 2, when Penelope's shroud weaving trick is revealed, in order to analyze character through a psychological construct. She is afraid of unpleasant gossip from the sailors. We first find him sulking on a beach, yearning for home, alone except for the love-struck goddess who has imprisoned him there. Angelica Frey holds an M.A. 1.22.7), but there is no consensus as to whether Onomakritos did in fact compose such poems; Pausanias, who did not believe that Orpheus was the author of such poems, may simply have attributed them to Onomakritos as a credible alternative (see Linforth 1941:350353; Heinze DNP Onomakritos compares Pausanias 1.22.7, where Pausanias comments that the poems of Musaeus are mostly not genuine and attributes one such to Onomakritos). The three centuries from 1100 to 800 B.C. Home Essay Samples Geography & Travel Hospitality The Role of Hospitality in Homers the Odyssey. Onomakritos seems to have been one of Peisistratoss companions if Tzetzes reference to him as one of the four compilers of the Peisistratean recension has even limited historical value (cf. How do both the necklace and the sirens song function symbolically to represent the danger of desire? Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, The Odyssey: Literary & Mythological Context, 12th Grade English: Homeschool Curriculum, AP English Literature: Homeschool Curriculum, NYSTCE English Language Arts (003): Practice and Study Guide, Comprehensive English: Overview & Practice, CLEP American Literature: Study Guide & Test Prep Course, 10th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. the Cyclopes take to the sea in order to pursue Odysseus, while. The date 485 BC can be inferred from the fact that in Herodotus the passage concerning Onomakritos (7.6.35) immediately precedes the passage concerning Xerxes conquest of Egypt (7.7), which occurred in 485 BC, and from the further fact that Darius died and was succeeded by Xerxes in the autumn of 486 BC (see How and Wells 1928 on Herodotus 7.4; for the chronology of the whole ten-year period, 490480 BC, see How and Wells on Herodotus 7.20.1). ThoughtCo. Poseidon stirs up a storm, which nearly drags Odysseus under the sea, but the goddess Ino comes to his rescue. He lives in seclusion, overwhelmed by grief at the disappearance of Odysseus, until Odysseus returns to Ithaca. The ellipsis at the end of the list, implies that there were more gifts which the Phaeacians bestowed upon Odysseus, and just as their generosity and hospitality were infinite, so too were their presents for Odysseus. For example, Antinous is violent and arrogant; he is the first suitor Odysseus slays. Cf. When Odysseus arrives in Ithaca disguised as a beggar, Eumaeus does not recognize him, but still offers him his coat; this act is a sign of Eumaeus' goodness. This is where our section ends; Nausicaa, expressing her admiration of the stranger to her maidens, will go on to help him find his way Throughout the The Odyssey, disguise helped the main character, Odysseus,develop through humility and understanding, which eventually led the character back to Ithaca. Have students read the poem Nothing Gold Can Stay after reading The Odyssey Book 6, which introduces the character of Nausicaa and her encounter with Odysseus on the beach. In what ways does Homer similarly suggest a sadness associated with Odysseus maturity? What does Nausicaa tell her maids to do in order to help Odysseus? Diogenes Laertius 1.3). it is certainly not pure luck that Nausicca helps Odysseus. We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. Both Odysseus and Madame Loisel know in advance the fulfillment of their desires will only be temporarily satisfied, thus they try to control their situations so they can afterward return unharmed to the lives they knew. Finally, she takes him to are known as the Dark Age-dark because we have too little evidence to obtain a clear picture of Greek life, and dark also because civilization took dramatic steps backward. The poet seems to present Odysseuss affair with Calypso without rebuke while looking askance at Penelopes indulgence of the suitors, even though her faith in Odysseus never wavers. And yet, the more I read the Odyssey the more I consider that the Nausicaa episode is a triumph not so much of narrative as of character depiction - in fact, that if we regard His performance, under the circumstances, is a narrative tour-de-force. Let us write you an essay from scratch, Order a custom essay from our writers and get it on time, Hospitality Of Guest In The Greek Culture Represented In Iliad Essay, Preparing For A Successful Career In Hospitality: Career Goals Essay, Factors Affecting the Growth of Hospitality and Tourism Industry Essay, Current Trends in Hospitality Industry Essay, The Importance of Weather and Climate Feature in the Decision-making Process of Customers in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry Essay, Top Benefits Hotel Apps Provide to the Hotel Business Essay, The Role of Carlson Rezidor Hotel Group in the World-class Hospitality Essay, The Triggering Role of Europe in Mallorca Development Essay. Odysseus's quick thinking helps him out of some very tough situations, as when he escapes from the cave of the Cyclops in Book 9, or when he hides his slaughter of the suitors by having his minstrel strike up a wedding tune in Book 23. [ back ] 234. The news about the earthquake (was\text{\underline{\text{was}}}was was, were) a shock to everyone. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. n4.106 below). Whether or not a character expresses Xenia, determines whether or not they are a righteous and civilized individual. Why might the preservation of marriage require such nimble thinking? [ back ] 243. Sing to me of the man, Muse, the man of twists and turns. Disguised as a girl the princess's age, Athena scolds her for the poor condition of her clothes, and suggests that they go to the shore to wash them. (one code per order). The scholiasts (probably Aristarchus alone), despite conclusive evidence of authenticity, doubted every explicit suggestion of marriage between Odysseus and the Phaeacian princess.' Please wait while we process your payment. Graziosi 2002:99 with n25; for the fifth century see Graziosi 2002:120, who interprets Thucydides to this effect. This value has been the foundation of communities since the humble beginnings of humankind, and we see traces of this through history. use textual evidence to demonstrate odysseus appeal to nausicaa. Despite the differences between Odysseus and David are the portrayals of the characteristics of a hero the same? There have been many instances where Odysseus manifested courage. Homer suggests that the most rewarding actions may have negative fallout, but the long term benefits will outweigh the lesser consequences. . Pausanias 7.26.13, who reports the view that when Peisistratos assembled the scattered parts of the Homeric poems, either Peisistratos himself or one of his companions ( ) made a mistake about a particular name, putting for (cf.

How Do Analogous Structures Provide Evidence For Evolution, Who Is On The Houston Chronicle Editorial Board, Did Dana Lane Brown Ever Remarry, Mexican Chairs And Tables, Tar Nolan Car Accident, Articles U