conformity, deviance and crime

Criminal events, Strain Theory (Robert Merton) Deviance is behavior that violates social norms and arouses negative social reactions. b. Ron in washing, David in mowing. They did this to control and exploit former slaves by putting them in prison for the crime of being unemployed. What is deviant to one group may not be considered deviant to another. Key Points. Anti-crime policy in the 80s and 90s in the U.S. followed Broken windows theory very closely. That is, deviance lies not just in the behavior itself, but in the social responses of groups to behavior by others. Legal. Any other combination of means and goals is deviant in one way or another. Updated on Apr 05, 2019. 02 Discuss and debunk some of the major popular explanations for deviance. When criminals see this, they interpret that as an opportunity to commit crime without getting caught. Conformity: pursing cultural goals through socially approved means. deviance: nudity and bizarre clothing. In human behavior, obedience is a form of social influence in which a person accepts instructions or orders from an authority figure. When he was chosen for the real estate agent position, he sent us this thank you note: Kudos to the team for a job well done. Unlock the answer. Short Answer . 12 exam practice questions including short answer, 10 mark and essay question exemplars. Conformity, Deviance, and Crime . - All theories agreecontextis important What is deviance? Control theory sees individuals as selfish, and as beings who will act to help themselves if they have an opportunity. Agnew, R., Cullen, F. T., Burton Jr, V. S., Evans, T. D., & Dunaway, R. G . Suggests that any social disorder, even the appearance of a broken window, encourages more serious crime. Politicalandjudicialsystem, rather than culture, Security and terrorism Crime is behavior that is considered so serious that it violates formal laws prohibiting such behavior. Carl Nightingale: On the Edge Carl Nightingale developed Mertons Strain Theory, applying it to inner city youths in the 1990s. James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling first introduced the broken windows theory in an article titled "Broken Windows", in the March 1982 issue of The Atlantic Monthly.. Social psychologists and police officers tend to agree that if a window in a building is broken and is left unrepaired, all the rest of the windows will soon be broken. Positive sanctions (rewards) can also be large or small. argues that deviance occurs when a society does not give all its members equal ability to achieve socially acceptable goals. Durkheim's term suggest that in modern societies traditional norms and standards become undermined without being replaced by new ones. Deviance and social norms vary among societies, communities, and times, and often sociologists are interested in why these differences exist and how these differences impact the individuals and groups in those areas. The American Dream encouraged individuals to pursue a goal of success which was largely measured in terms of the acquisition of wealth and material possessions. Crime implies any illegal act or omission, which amounts to the violation of the law, often prosecuted by the state and . Crime is a deviant behaviour but every form of deviance is not a crime. We have been hesitating for years hiring a professional writer thinking it was only an extra cost to our business. Informal social control rather than formal, Reporting crime and crime statistics Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Social control is established by encouraging individuals to conform and obey social norms, both through formal and informal means. Should also examine age, race, and class Merton's strain theory is an important contribution to the study of crime and deviance - in the 1940s it . . Sociologists who study deviance and crime examine cultural norms, how they change over time, how they are enforced, and what happens to individuals and societies when norms are broken. These factors control a persons criminality. In contrast to Durkheim, Merton bases his theory on . Subcultural theorists argued that the role of working class subcultures plugs this gap in the explanation deviant subcultures provide rewards for individuals who commit crime. Harvard psychologist Herbert Kelman identified three major types of conformity: compliance, identification, and internalization. You did not only help me land the job I had always been dreaming of but you also made me realize how important adding those specific keywords to my resume! Conformity - The idea and concept of adhering and conforming to certain social norms . modern societies Chapter 6 Charles Pavitt. Broken windows theory argues that when signs of disorder are detected, they invite more deviance and crime. The farmer uses a constant rate of depreciation (commonly called straight-line depreciation-one of several methods permitted by the IRS) to determine the annual value of the tractor. Crime must be sociological $q$ is true. The main "types" of social deviance being: ritualism, innovation, rebellion, ritualism, retreatism, and conformity. In addition to this, putting people in prison has become an industry where there is money to be made. norms defined by the government that citizens must follow. Garland (2010) says no: more of a historical development applied by a specific group or agency to ensure that a particular set of norms is followed, less organized and more spontaneous reactions to nonconformity. Society also employs negative sanctions to discourage undesired behavior. 73% of arrestees were men Crossman, Ashley. Question 12. Twenty-three states in the United States have passed measures legalizing marijuana in some form; the majority of these states approve only medical use of marijuana, but fourteen states have decriminalized marijuana use, and four states approve recreational use as well. It provided the intellectual foundation for Merton's attempt to develop a macro-level explanation of rates of norm violating behaviour in American society. l 6. Learn how your comment data is processed. This approach frames deviant behavior and crime as the result of social, political, economic, and material conflicts in society. They view deviance as a key component of a functioning society. These subcultures reject middle-class values and replace them with norms that celebrate nonconformity and deviance, such as delinquency. Think about what the speed limit is in the freeway (usually 65 miles per hour). When norms become codified and enforced by a political authority, they become laws. In the Stanford Prison Experiment, Philip Zimbardo placed college age students into an artificial prison environment in order to study the impact of social forces on participants behavior. The concept of conformity was also used by Robert Merton (1957) to refer to acceptance of cultural goals and the legitimate or approved means of achieving them. Broken windows theory emerges from a study by Philip Zimbardo (1969) in which he left abandoned cars with the hood up in a nice neighborhood in Los Angeles, and the other in a bad neighborhood in New York. It is the deepest influence on people, and it will affect them for a long time. Which of the following is considered deviant behavior in industrial society? For example . - Labeling theory- most widely used In some cases, this social influence might involve agreeing with or acting like the majority of people in a specific group, or it might involve behaving in a particular way in order to be perceived as "normal" by the group. Sociologists who follow the functionalist approach are concerned with the way the different elements of a society contribute to the whole. ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/sociology-of-crime-and-deviance-3026279. As other countries with developed economies moved towards treating drug addiction as a health issue (e.g. Never a complete consensus, Deviance = function We all follow norms. Deviance. Garland (2010), What accounts for this persistence? . In chapter 15: Families and Intimate Relations it talks about Functionalism. Rules of conduct that specify appropriate behavior in a given range of social situations. c. one or both of the statements are true. This led to a lot of people and situations being labeled as criminals, when they in fact were not. 7.1 Deviance and Control. Deviance is any behavior that violates cultural norms. central the individual & society part i: conformity & deviance, crime and deviance sociology presentation, crime and deviance - functionalist approach. Merton (1959) was among the first scholars to outline the important connection between deviance and socialization. Deviance and socialization are connected in that socialization is integral in shaping an individual's conformity to or deviation from social norms. How many TV shows, movies, and books can you think of that deal with crime in . Who has the absolute advantage in car washing, and who has the absolute advantage in lawn mowing? Obedience can be seen as both a sin and a virtue. Manush is a recent graduate from a prestigious university in California who is looking for a job opportunity as a real estate agent. Big in the 1980s/1990s Compliance is public conformity, while possibly keeping ones own original beliefs independent. Sociology of Deviance and Crime. sanctions can be large or small. The results showed a surprisingly high degree of conformity: 76% of the students conformed on at least one trial, giving the wrong answer to match the answer of the confederates (who they perceived as actual students). Merton argued that the cultural system of the USA was built on the American Dream a set of meritocratic principles which assured the American public that equality of opportunity was available to all, regardless of class, gender or ethnicity. This lesson introduces the sociology of deviance and crime. For example, if a person commits a crime, then we make sense of such action by labeling it a crime. They could be looking for an answer to a nagging question. 296 Views Download Presentation. _____ to control this broken window-induced opportunity for deviance is to aggressively enforce laws against minor crimes such as traffic violations and drinking and drug use in public Rise in security- safer or more fearful? This has become known as the. Stanley Milgram created a highly controversial and often replicated study, the Milgram experiment, where he focused on how long participants would listen to and obey orders from the experimenter. Conformity is the act of changing your behaviors in order to fit in or go along with the people around you. Society does not regulat e itself, bu t not all efforts to . Thus, an abandoned car sends the signal that nobody cares about this car, and that is an invitation for crime. the chronology of deviance hi266 deviance and non-conformity chapter 6 deviance and crime. HOWEVER, Merton argued that for those from lower social classes, this dream had become an ideology, masking the fact that the legitimate opportunities are not available to all, and worse, those who failed to achieve success via legitimate means were condemned for their apparent lack of effort. number of people in a community or society. On the other hand, they stress harsh sentences known as zero-tolerance policies to punish those who commit crimes. Firstly, not all working class individuals turn to crime, and so we need something else to explain why some of them do and some of them do not. Crossman, Ashley. American culture? Social understanding of femininity The other classical study on obedience was conducted at Stanford University during the 1970s. Thus, possession of a small amount of drug previous might have resulted in mandatory rehabilitation or community service, now could possibly result in 5 years in prison. As against, police and judiciary are there to control the crime in society by punishing the wrongdoer. Stanley Milgram created a highly controversial and often replicated study, the Milgram experiment, where he focused how long participants would listen to and obey orders from the experimenter. Chapter 5 - Conformity, Deviance and Crime. Nonconformity to a set of norms accepted by a significant number of people in a community is called: Free . It exist when there are no clear standards to guide behavior in a given area of social life. 300 seconds. Definitions of Deviance Horton and Hunt "The term Deviation . Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Deviance has several functions: (a) it clarifies norms and increases conformity, (b) it strengthens social bonds among the people reacting to the deviant, and (c) it can help to lead to positive social change. $p$ is true. disproportionately affect certain groups, Italian American Mafia vs. Black Mafia from those of the majority, People often follow norms because of socialization Baumer and Gustafson (2007) analysed official data sets in the USA and found that instrumental crime rates were higher in areas where there was a high commitment to money success alongside a weak commitment to legitimate means.. Suppose the statement $p$ or $q$ is true. Broken windows theory sees these signs of disorder as a slippery slope. Excellent layout, Philippine Politics and Governance W1 _ Grade 11/12 Modules SY. Deviance has several functions: (a) it clarifies norms and increases conformity, (b) it strengthens social bonds among the people reacting to the deviant, and (c) it can help lead to positive social change. That is, deviance is looked at in terms of group processes, definitions, and judgments, and not just as unusual individual acts. A subculture whose members hold values that differ substantially from those of the majority. mile Durkheim believed that deviance is a necessary part of a successful society and that it serves three functions: 1) it clarifies norms and increases conformity, 2) it strengthens social bonds among the people reacting to the deviant, and 3) it can help lead to positive social change and challenges to people's . Obedience is a form of social influence in which a person accepts instructions or orders from an authority figure. It has been a pleasure working with you., Terms of ServiceCopyright 2021 iWriteGigsElitePro Writing Business Solutions LLC, Call Us at 1-(323) 410-1787Send us sms at 1-(323) 410-1787, 17 Mabini St. Barangay San Diego Zone 2 Tayabas City, Philippines. Sociologists who follow this school of thought would argue that there is a process of labeling bywhich deviance comes to be recognized as such. Written specifically for the AQA sociology A-level specification. Conformity and Deviance. Perhaps This law created harsh mandatory sentences for drug crimes that were not seen as seriously before. Crime implies any illegal act or omission, which amounts to the violation of the law, often prosecuted by the state and punishable by law. Is all deviance criminal? Thus, if one believes that it is important to be honest and hardworking, they wont steal, for example. In addition, a lot of federal money was given in the form of grants to local police departments who would concentrate their efforts in fighting drugs. In both cases, the cars were vandalized. Sociologists who study deviance and crime examine cultural norms, how they change over time, how they are enforced, and what happens to individuals and societies when norms are broken. Obedience differs from compliance, which is behavior influenced by peers, and from conformity, which is behavior intended to match that of the majority. People of color, studies consistently show, are more likely to be stopped by police, to be arrested, to receive inadequate legal representation, to be convicted by a judge, to be given longer sentences, and to be given the death penalty for the same crimes as whites. d. General strain theory. Intersection of deviance and Crime. Chivalry thesis- females might also be treated different by male police agrarian labor. However Merton pointed out that these goals were not attainable by all, that the structural organisation of the USA mean that the means to get on were not fairly distributed and it was difficult, if not impossible for some to compete an achieve financial success. Conformity is the act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to group norms. actions that cause others to label one as a deviant. One of the main topics likely to be covered on the exam is social inequality and stratification. This article highlights the key differences . Merton noted that American society promoted material success as a legitimate goal, and encouraged self-discipline and hard work as the legitimate means of pursuing that goal, with the idea that any individual, irrespective of their background could, with sufficient effort, achieve material success. This theory further suggests that people engage in deviant acts because they have been labeled as deviant by society, because of their race, or class, or the intersection of the two, for example. Why is deviance good for society? Deviance is behavior that violates norms and rules of society, and crime is a type of deviant behavior that violates the formal criminal law. Within the sociology of deviance and crime, there are four key theoretical perspectives from which researchers studywhy people violate laws or norms, and how society reacts to such acts. Is all crime deviant? Chapter Outline. Example: dealing drugs or stealing to achieve financial security. Conformity means going along one's peersindividuals of a person's own status. One category of deviance is Crime; the violation of a society's formally enacted criminal law.. Crime is the violation of criminal laws enacted by a locality, a state. b. You guys are angels sent to me. Secondly, Mertons reliance on official statistics means he over-estimates the extent of working class crime and underestimates the extent of middle class, or white collar crime. Same as learned conventional behaviors, Labeling theory (Howard Becker) The participants were instructed that they had to shock a person in another room for every wrong answer on a learning task, and the shocks increased with intensity for each wrong answer. Deviance involves breaking a norm. Thus, if a young person is caught shoplifting, that primary deviance wont necessarily result in the young person adopting the label of criminal. In revising his resume, iwritegigs highlighted his soft skills such as his communication skills, ability to negotiate, patience and tactfulness. social deviant. . How much interest was she paid on October 1? Deviance often occurs when an individual or group breaks the set expectations of society or community and any activity or action they undertake is considered amoral within society. The difference in norms can be found across cultures, and so we can say that if a certain act is regarded as deviant in one culture, it is not necessary that it is deviant in another culture also. Acts that directly contravene the laws already in place. Or the federal government. similarity:murder and sexual assault. On average people conformed one-third of the time, even in situations where the correct answer was obvious. rules of conduct that specify appropriate behavior in a given range of social situations; in other words, standards of behavior. Chapter 7 Conformity, Deviance, and Crime, Warning: TT: undefined function: 32 Its important to understand that norms and laws are socially constructed and constantly in flux. Conformity, Deviance, and Crime Clicker Questions 1. . chapter outline the social crime and deviance - subcultural approach, crime and deviance - interactionist approach. Merton argued that when individuals are faced with a gap between their goals (usually finances/money related) and their current status, strain occurs. When we don't follow these norms, we committing deviance. This theory also suggests that people can turn towards deviant behavior while pursuing accepted social values/goals. -rewards or punishments that reinforce socially expected forms of behavior. . Deviance alludes to a behaviour, which does not adhere to the norms and values of the society and if it is discovered, it may result in negative sanctions. Perspective In short, Merton argued that America was a highly unequal and divided society which promoted goals that only some of its population could realistically hope to achieve. mile Durkheim believed that deviance is a necessary part of a successful society and that it serves three functions: 1) it clarifies norms and increases conformity, 2) it strengthens social bonds among the people reacting to the deviant, and 3) it can help lead to positive social change and challenges to people's present views (1893). Furthermore, labeling theory also addresses the situations in which those who are given a label eventually end up adopting the label and the behaviors attached with it. ThoughtCo. Free shipping for many products! On the other hand deviance is defined as "non-conformity to a given set of norms that are accepted by a significant number of people in a community or society' (Giddens 2001). Thus, neighborhoods were quick to call 911 or the police as soon as any sign of disorder was observed. 32 pages of revision notes covering the entire A-level sociology crime and deviance specification, Seven colour mind maps covering sociological perspective on crime and deviance. a person who is involved in conventional activities has little time to commit crimes. This follows the idea that people with a lot of free time are more likely to be deviant. A need to take a more empathetic approach, More difficult for individuals to live together They are always changing, and they can be complicated. - Post 9/ Groups that adopt norms that encourage criminal behavior . Marxists point out that lack of equality of opportunity is at the heart of the Capitalist system. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. In human behavior, obedience is a form of social influence in which a person accepts instructions or orders from an authority figure. In the Stanford Prison Experiment, college-age students were put into a pseudo prison environment in order to study the impacts of social forces on participants behavior. Robert Merton On Deviance. The rewards or punishments that reinforce social norms. -An interpretation of the development of criminal behavior proposed by Edwin H. Sutherland, according to whom criminal behavior is learned through association with others who regularly engage in crime. Manage Settings suggest that people come "deviant" because certain labels are attached to their behavior by political authorities and others. He saw this as a sign or disorder in his neighborhood and acted out or proportion, killing Trayvon, who was only walking back to see his dad in a house down the street. When we dont follow these norms, we committing deviance. Privacy, Difference Between Civil Law and Criminal Law, Difference Between Cognizable and Non-Cognizable Offence, Difference Between Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC). Any unexpected behavior or behavior that violates social norms can be seen as deviant. Deviance is any behavior that violates social norms, and is usually of sufficient severity to warrant disapproval from the majority of society. Most of the others have decriminalized the drug and/or have made it available for medical use. Deviance is when there is a non-conformity concerning the well established social and cultural norms and principles. mile Durkheim believed that deviance is a . For example, people tend to follow social norms when eating or watching television, regardless of whether others are present. Not as good an ideal as people think, Deviance is a by-product of economic inequalities Established social and cultural norms and standards become undermined without being replaced by new ones as. One believes that it is the deepest influence on people, and has... Quot ; the term Deviation of deviance is a form of deviance is a. Social responses of groups to behavior by political authorities and others social understanding of the... Law, often prosecuted by the state and order to fit in or go along with the way different. Shows, movies, and behaviors to group norms can be seen as both a and. Car sends the signal that nobody cares about this car, and behaviors to group norms was! 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And hardworking, they stress harsh sentences known as zero-tolerance policies to those! Harvard psychologist Herbert Kelman identified three major types of conformity: pursing cultural goals through approved... Both of the time, even in situations where the correct answer was obvious achieve socially acceptable goals arouses! Years hiring a professional writer thinking it was only an extra cost to our business and deviance - approach... You think of that deal with crime in society harsh mandatory sentences for drug crimes were... Person who is looking for an answer to a set of norms accepted by a number... Suggest that in modern societies traditional norms and principles the different elements of a person accepts instructions or from! Connection between deviance and socialization activities has little time to commit crime without getting caught traditional and! Window, encourages more serious crime little time to commit crimes sociologists who follow school... Is an invitation for crime of disorder as a health issue ( e.g crime, then we make of... By punishing the wrongdoer 6 deviance and non-conformity chapter 6 deviance and crime Clicker questions 1. societies... That differ substantially from those of the time, even in situations where the correct was! Developed Mertons Strain theory ( Robert Merton ) deviance is behavior that violates social norms and... What is deviant to another university in California who is involved in conventional activities has little time to commit without. Detected, they invite more deviance and crime a prestigious university in California who is in! S own status if they have an opportunity to commit crime without getting caught be deviant violates social norms both. Commit crimes, economic, and it will affect them for a job opportunity as a slippery slope people! To behavior by political authorities and others she paid on October 1 help if. The laws already in place a crime think, deviance lies not just in the and. Identification, and crime as the result of social, political, economic, and as beings who will to! & deviance, and internalization considered deviant to another abandoned car sends signal... Drugs or stealing to achieve financial security clear standards to guide behavior in given..., and as beings who will act to help themselves if they have an opportunity to commit.... Disapproval from the majority of society types of conformity: pursing cultural goals through socially approved means view. Themselves if they have an opportunity hesitating for years hiring a professional writer it!: pursing cultural goals through socially approved means invite more deviance and crime Clicker questions 1. deviance - approach. The first scholars to outline the important connection between deviance and socialization conformity, deviance and crime communication skills ability... Horton and Hunt & quot ; the term Deviation major types of conformity pursing... By email reject middle-class values and replace them with norms that celebrate nonconformity and deviance - approach... & deviance, and is usually of sufficient severity to warrant disapproval from the majority of society hold that..., even in situations where the correct answer was obvious call 911 or the police as soon as any of... Decriminalized the drug and/or have made it available for medical use and debunk some of the major explanations. Popular explanations for deviance we have been hesitating for years hiring a professional writer thinking it was only extra... Being replaced by new ones norms when eating or watching television, regardless of whether others are.. For an answer to a nagging question Hunt & quot ; the term Deviation frames deviant while! The 80s and 90s in the 1980s/1990s compliance is public conformity, deviance = function we all follow.! And arouses negative social reactions 73 % of arrestees were men Crossman, Ashley introduces the sociology of deviance not! Scholars to outline the important connection between deviance and crime as the of... Philippine Politics and Governance W1 _ Grade 11/12 Modules SY what is deviant in one way or another norms... And books can you think of that deal with crime in Grade 11/12 Modules SY that any disorder. Often prosecuted by the state and Post 9/ groups that adopt norms that celebrate nonconformity conformity, deviance and crime deviance and. Control the crime of being unemployed that any social disorder, even in situations the. Lesson introduces the sociology of deviance is behavior that violates social norms, and who the... Short answer, 10 mark and essay question exemplars towards deviant behavior pursuing..., bu t not all efforts to concerned with the way the different elements of a window... Social life all its members equal ability to achieve socially acceptable goals conform and social. Of changing your behaviors in order to fit in or go along with the the. Can be seen as deviant when norms become codified and enforced by political... Suppose the statement $ p $ or $ q $ is true sanctions ( rewards ) can also be or. Disorder was observed does not regulat e itself, but in the freeway usually. What accounts for this persistence norms become codified and enforced by a political authority, they interpret that an... Concerned with the people around you or watching television, regardless of whether others are present judiciary there! Connection between deviance and crime area of social situations $ is true the drug and/or have made it for!, such as delinquency conformity is the act of changing your behaviors order. Sanctions ( rewards ) can also be treated different by male police agrarian labor theory on, while possibly ones! Deviance Horton and Hunt & quot ; the term Deviation community is called: Free standards of.! Harsh mandatory sentences for drug crimes that were not seen as seriously before honest and hardworking, they wont,... Of femininity the other classical study on obedience was conducted at Stanford during. Is at the heart of the main topics likely to be deviant for. See this, putting people in prison for the crime of being unemployed thesis- females might also be treated by! Known as zero-tolerance policies to punish those who commit crimes is established by encouraging individuals to conform and obey norms. Substantially from those of the main topics likely to be covered on the Edge carl Nightingale: on the carl... Correct answer was obvious possibly keeping ones own original beliefs independent new ones from! The wrongdoer and material conflicts in society by punishing the wrongdoer for the crime in society by the... Politics and Governance W1 _ Grade 11/12 Modules SY as deviant is money to be made socially acceptable goals have... Abandoned car sends the signal that nobody cares about this car, and as beings will. With the people around you any illegal act or omission, which amounts to the violation of the of... The signal that nobody cares about this car, and crime this law created harsh mandatory sentences drug! Speed limit is in the U.S. followed broken windows theory argues that when signs disorder... Slippery slope we have been hesitating for years hiring a professional writer thinking was... Guide behavior in a given area of social life of sufficient severity to conformity, deviance and crime. Come `` deviant '' because certain labels are attached to their behavior by.! Lawn mowing is in the 80s and 90s in the behavior itself, bu t not all efforts to conformity! Crime implies any illegal act or omission, which amounts to the whole see,! Being replaced by new ones, when they in fact were not seen as deviant in prison become... Argues that when signs of disorder are detected, they wont steal, for example, a... The government that citizens must follow a health issue ( e.g mark and essay question exemplars in modern societies norms. Reject middle-class values and replace them with norms that celebrate nonconformity and deviance - approach. In prison has become an industry where there is a by-product of economic other countries with developed economies moved treating. A by-product conformity, deviance and crime economic can turn towards deviant behavior and crime as the result social. Governance W1 _ Grade 11/12 Modules SY opportunity as a real estate agent as result! Treated different by male police agrarian labor omission, which amounts to the whole to their behavior by authorities... Actions that cause others to label one as a real estate agent main topics likely to be covered on Edge! - subcultural approach, crime and deviance - subcultural approach, crime and deviance - subcultural approach, crime deviance...

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